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Eco-Friendly Disposable WS2 Paper Sensor for Sub-ppm NO2 Detection at Room Temperature

WS2
humidity sensor
nitrogen dioxide
paper-based device
room temperature sensor
2D materials
Matatagui D, Cruz C, Carrascoso F, Al-Enizi AM, Nafady A, Castellanos-Gomez A, Horrillo MdC.
Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(7):1213.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071213

We developed inexpensive and disposable gas sensors with a low environmental footprint. This approach is based on a biodegradable substrate, paper, and features safe and nontoxic electronic materials. We show that abrasion-induced deposited WS2 nanoplatelets on paper can be employed as a successful sensing layer to develop high-sensitivity and selective sensors, which operate even at room temperature. Its performance is investigated, at room temperature, against NO2 exposure, finding that the electrical resistance of the device drops dramatically upon NO2 adsorption, decreasing by ~42% (~31% half a year later) for 0.8 ppm concentration, and establishing a detection limit around~2 ppb (~3 ppb half a year later). The sensor is highly selective towards NO2 gas with respect to the interferents NH3 and CO, whose responses were only 1.8% (obtained for 30 ppm) and 1.5% (obtained for 8 ppm), respectively. Interestingly, an improved response of the developed sensor under humid conditions was observed (tested for 25% relative humidity at 23 °C). The high-performance, in conjunction with its small dimensions, low cost, operation at room temperature, and the possibility of using it as a portable system, makes this sensor a promising candidate for continuous monitoring of NO2 on-site.

Funding

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement n°755655, ERC-StG 2017 project 2 D-TOPSENSE) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) through the project PID2020-115566 RB-I00 and RTI2018-095856-B-C22 (AEI/FEDER). The authors extend their sincere appreciation to the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program (DSFP) at King Saud University for funding of this work. D. M. acknowledges the financial support from the Fundación General CSIC via Programa ComFuturo.

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