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Rapid and Non-Destructive Analysis of Corky Off-Flavors in Natural Cork Stoppers by a Wireless and Portable Electronic Nose

artificial neural networks
corky off-flavors
electronic nose
machine learning algorithms
natural cork stoppers
José Pedro Santos, Isabel Sayago , José Luis Sanjurjo , María Soledad Perez-Coello , María Consuelo Díaz-Maroto
Sensors, 2022, 22(13), 4687
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134687

This article discusses the use of a handheld electronic nose to obtain information on the presence of some aromatic defects in natural cork stoppers, such as haloanisoles, alkylmethoxypyrazines, and ketones. Typical concentrations of these compounds (from 5 to 120 ng in the cork samples) have been measured. Two electronic nose prototypes have been developed as an instrumentation system comprise of eight commercial gas sensors to perform two sets of experiments. In the first experiment, a quantitative approach was used whist in the second experiment a qualitative one was used. Machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks have been used in order to test the performance of the system to detect cork defects. The use of this system tries to improve the current aromatic defect detection process in the cork stopper industry, which is done by gas chromatography or human test panels. We found this electronic nose to have near 100 % accuracy in the detection of these defects.

The authors are grateful to the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM, Spain) for supporting their research under the Project SBPLY-17-180501-000445.

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